NAFLD stands for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver of people who consume little or no alcohol. It is a relatively common condition, and it is estimated to affect up to 25% of the adult population worldwide.
NAFLD is often asymptomatic, meaning that people with the condition may not experience any noticeable symptoms. However, in some cases, NAFLD can progress to a more severe form of liver disease called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation and liver cell damage. Over time, NASH can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure.
NAFLD is associated with a variety of risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high levels of fats (triglycerides) in the blood. It is also more common in people with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
The diagnosis of NAFLD is typically made based on imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, which can detect the presence of fat in the liver. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of liver disease.
Treatment for NAFLD typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet. In more severe cases, medications may be prescribed to control underlying conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol. In cases where NASH has progressed to cirrhosis or liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary.